Patient samples have always been critical assets for clinical trial success. In this era of precision medicine, in which researchers seek to tailor treatments on the basis of a specific patient’s biomarker profile or disease characteristics, sample management has become even more important and valuable. It is critical to ensure that clinical samples collected during a trial constitute a robust sample set that can be used for elucidating mechanism of action, stratifying patients, and monitoring response to treatment. Consequently, having a plan to ensure sample quality, minimize processing time post-blood draw, and manage logistics is crucial for optimizing the accuracy and integrity of clinical trial data.